Utilization of Lignin and Lignosulfonate from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Filler in PVDF Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

A study on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane using lignin and lignosulfonate oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fillers have been carried out. This aims to determine additional effect of PVDF membrane. Lignin sulfonation has a good result proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra with peak at 1192 cm−1 which indicates sulfonate group. The degree was increased 8.9% for lignosulfonate. prepared phase inversion method. Data present that all membranes an asymmetric structure finger-like sponge-like pores. Good thermal stability indicated gravimetric analysis showed degradation 432 °C. mechanical properties decrease addition filler. From X-ray diffraction, peaks appeared 18.39°, 21.35°, 23.75° indicating α β phases. hydrophilicity water uptake. presence group increases ionic exchange capacity conductivity up 2.78 mmol/g 9.95 × 10−5 S/cm, respectively, 5% addition. Thus, PVDF/lignosulfonate potential as polymer electrolyte